Question 1

Can I change or cancel my flight ticket?

Accepted Answer

Usually, yes — but the cost can range from $0 to the full value of the ticket. Some tickets can be changed or canceled for free, while others are non-refundable and may provide only a credit, partial refund, or nothing at all.

First, determine which situation you're in — the rules are different for each:

- Changing your flight
- Canceling your flight
- A refundable ticket
- A non-refundable ticket
- An airline-initiated cancellation or major schedule change

Changing Your Flight

A change generally means keeping your ticket but changing the date, time, flight number, routing or (sometimes) origin/destination. Your cost is typically: change fee + fare difference + taxes/fees. Example: original ticket $300, new flight $420, change fee $0 → you pay $120 more. If the new flight is cheaper, whether you get the difference back depends on the airline and fare conditions.

Many major U.S. airlines have eliminated traditional change fees on standard Economy and premium fares — but Basic Economy and restricted fares can have very different rules. Never assume "this airline doesn't charge change fees." The correct question is: "What are the change rules for my specific fare?"

Canceling Your Flight

Depending on your fare, you may receive:

- Full refund — refundable fares, certain qualifying cancellations, or airline-initiated cancellations/significant changes
- Travel credit — many non-refundable tickets allow cancellation for an airline credit, subject to conditions and expiration

Question 2

Can I leave the airport during a long layover?

Accepted Answer

Yes, in many cases you can leave the airport during a long layover — but whether you should depends on how much time you have, immigration and visa requirements, airport location, transportation, baggage arrangements and how long it will take to return through security.

A six-hour layover does not necessarily mean you have six hours available for sightseeing. Before leaving, calculate your real usable time outside the airport.

First: Is It a Domestic or International Layover?

- Domestic layover: if you are connecting between domestic flights within the same country, leaving the airport is often relatively straightforward. You still need enough time to leave the terminal, travel to your destination, return, clear security again and reach your gate before boarding.
- International layover: much more complicated. You may need to pass through immigration, meet visa or entry requirements, clear customs, collect and recheck baggage, pass through security again, complete departure immigration and travel between terminals. Check the entry requirements before leaving the secure international transit area.

Do I Need a Visa?

Possibly. If leaving the airport means officially entering the country, you must meet that country's immigration requirements — check the TravelerPulse [Passports & Visas](/visas) section. Depending on your passport, nationality, destination, transit country and length of stay, you may need: no visa, visa-free entry, visa on arrival, electronic travel authoriza

Question 3

Can I use my phone, laptop, power banks and Wi-Fi on the plane?

Accepted Answer

Usually, yes. Modern aircraft generally allow phones, tablets, e-readers, laptops and other approved portable electronic devices — but you must follow the airline's and crew's instructions. The most important rule: put your phone in airplane mode when instructed, then turn Wi-Fi or Bluetooth back on if the airline permits it. Exact rules differ by airline, aircraft, country and phase of flight.

What Can I Usually Use?

- Smartphone / tablet / e-reader — yes, in airplane mode (Wi-Fi/Bluetooth may be permitted)
- Laptop — yes, but may need to be stowed during takeoff/landing
- Bluetooth headphones / smartwatch / handheld gaming device — usually yes, airline/crew rules apply
- Aircraft Wi-Fi — yes if available, subject to airline/provider rules and possible fees
- Cellular voice/data (4G/5G) — usually not — the cellular connection must stay disabled
- Voice calls — usually not, depending on airline, aircraft and jurisdiction

The FAA permits airlines to allow many portable electronic devices during flight, but each airline determines how its aircraft may be used under its approved operating procedures.

What Does Airplane Mode Actually Do?

Airplane Mode disables your cellular radio — no cellular voice, data or 4G/5G. On most modern phones you can then manually re-enable Wi-Fi and/or Bluetooth if the airline permits: Airplane Mode ON → Wi-Fi ON → Bluetooth ON. That's the standard way to use aircraft Wi-Fi with Bluetooth headphones.

Can I Use Wi-Fi on a Plane?

If the aircraft

Question 4

Can I use my phone, laptop, power banks and Wi-Fi on the plane?

Accepted Answer

Usually, yes. Modern aircraft generally allow phones, tablets, e-readers, laptops and other approved portable electronic devices — but you must follow the airline's and crew's instructions. The most important rule: put your phone in airplane mode when instructed, then turn Wi-Fi or Bluetooth back on if the airline permits it. Exact rules differ by airline, aircraft, country and phase of flight.

What Can I Usually Use?

- Smartphone / tablet / e-reader — yes, in airplane mode (Wi-Fi/Bluetooth may be permitted)
- Laptop — yes, but may need to be stowed during takeoff/landing
- Bluetooth headphones / smartwatch / handheld gaming device — usually yes, airline/crew rules apply
- Aircraft Wi-Fi — yes if available, subject to airline/provider rules and possible fees
- Cellular voice/data (4G/5G) — usually not — the cellular connection must stay disabled
- Voice calls — usually not, depending on airline, aircraft and jurisdiction

The FAA permits airlines to allow many portable electronic devices during flight, but each airline determines how its aircraft may be used under its approved operating procedures.

What Does Airplane Mode Actually Do?

Airplane Mode disables your cellular radio — no cellular voice, data or 4G/5G. On most modern phones you can then manually re-enable Wi-Fi and/or Bluetooth if the airline permits: Airplane Mode ON → Wi-Fi ON → Bluetooth ON. That's the standard way to use aircraft Wi-Fi with Bluetooth headphones.

Can I Use Wi-Fi on a Plane?

If the aircraft

Question 5

Do I need a visa for my trip?

Accepted Answer

Whether you need a visa depends on your nationality, passport type, destination, transit countries, purpose of travel and travel dates — there is no single answer that covers every trip. The good news: for most trips the answer is knowable in minutes if you check the right things.

The 7 Possible Outcomes

When you check a destination, the answer will fall into one of these categories:

- Visa-free — No visa is normally required for your trip (e.g. many nationalities visiting for short tourist stays).
- Visa required — You must obtain a visa from an embassy or consulate before departure.
- Electronic Travel Authorization — No traditional visa, but an electronic approval is required before boarding. Examples: ESTA (USA), UK ETA, eTA (Canada), ETIAS (EU, when it takes effect).
- Visa on arrival — You can obtain the authorization after arriving, subject to eligibility.
- e-Visa — You must apply electronically before traveling (e.g. India, Vietnam, Brazil for some nationalities).
- Transit visa required — You may not need a visa for your final destination but could need one just to connect through another country.
- Special / conditional — Different rules apply for diplomatic passports, refugee travel documents, permanent residents, dual nationals, students, workers, or travelers covered by special bilateral agreements.

Don't Forget Transit Countries

This is one of the most overlooked traps in international travel. Consider New York → London → Mumbai: you need to satisfy India'

Question 6

Do I need travel and medical insurance?

Accepted Answer

For international travel, travel insurance and travel medical insurance are worth serious consideration — particularly when medical care at your destination is expensive, when you have prepaid nonrefundable expenses, or when an emergency could require medical evacuation.

The especially important point for U.S. travelers: do not assume your U.S. health insurance follows you overseas. Medicare generally does not cover medical care outside the United States, with only limited exceptions. The U.S. State Department recommends considering travel medical insurance and medical-evacuation coverage before international travel.

Medicare and International Travel

With Original Medicare, coverage outside the U.S. is extremely limited — it generally doesn't pay for doctor visits, hospital care, ER treatment, ambulance services or prescriptions abroad. There are a few very limited exceptions (e.g. certain emergencies involving a foreign hospital while you're in the U.S., or traveling through Canada under specific circumstances). The accurate statement: Medicare generally doesn't cover care outside the U.S., with very limited exceptions.

What About Medicare Advantage?

Some Medicare Advantage (Part C) plans provide benefits for emergency or urgently needed care abroad — but coverage is plan-specific. Before traveling, ask your plan: What emergency/urgent care do you cover outside the U.S.? Is there a deductible or maximum benefit? Do I pay first? Is evacuation covered? Repatriation? Prior

Question 7

Do I need travel and medical insurance?

Accepted Answer

For international travel, travel insurance and travel medical insurance are worth serious consideration — particularly when medical care at your destination is expensive, when you have prepaid nonrefundable expenses, or when an emergency could require medical evacuation.

The especially important point for U.S. travelers: do not assume your U.S. health insurance follows you overseas. Medicare generally does not cover medical care outside the United States, with only limited exceptions. The U.S. State Department recommends considering travel medical insurance and medical-evacuation coverage before international travel.

Medicare and International Travel

With Original Medicare, coverage outside the U.S. is extremely limited — it generally doesn't pay for doctor visits, hospital care, ER treatment, ambulance services or prescriptions abroad. There are a few very limited exceptions (e.g. certain emergencies involving a foreign hospital while you're in the U.S., or traveling through Canada under specific circumstances). The accurate statement: Medicare generally doesn't cover care outside the U.S., with very limited exceptions.

What About Medicare Advantage?

Some Medicare Advantage (Part C) plans provide benefits for emergency or urgently needed care abroad — but coverage is plan-specific. Before traveling, ask your plan: What emergency/urgent care do you cover outside the U.S.? Is there a deductible or maximum benefit? Do I pay first? Is evacuation covered? Repatriation? Prior

Question 8

How do I avoid jet lag?

Accepted Answer

Jet lag happens when your body's internal clock is temporarily out of sync with local time after rapidly crossing multiple time zones — especially noticeable traveling east or west across several zones. You can't always eliminate it, but you can reduce its severity and recover faster by adjusting your sleep, light exposure, meals, hydration and activity around your destination's schedule.

Start Before Your Trip

If possible, begin shifting your sleep schedule 2–3 days before departure:

- Traveling east (e.g. Portland → London): go to bed and wake up somewhat earlier each day.
- Traveling west (e.g. Portland → Honolulu): go to bed and wake up somewhat later.

You don't need to completely reset before leaving — even a modest adjustment helps.

During the Flight

1. Set your watch to destination time as soon as you board. If it's nighttime there, try to sleep; if daytime, stay awake. This helps your brain begin adapting before you land.
2. Sleep when appropriate — bring an eye mask, earplugs or noise-canceling headphones, comfortable clothing and a neck pillow. Don't force sleep, but take the opportunity when the timing fits.
3. Stay hydrated — cabins are dry; dehydration makes everything feel worse (though it isn't itself the cause of jet lag).
4. Limit alcohol — it may make you sleepy initially but disrupts sleep quality and dehydrates.
5. Be cautious with caffeine — useful when you need alertness, but avoid it close to your intended destination bedtime.

Light Is Your Most

Question 9

How do I find my terminal and gate?

Accepted Answer

Finding the correct terminal and gate is one of the most important things to check before going to the airport. Large airports may have several terminals, concourses and hundreds of gates, and your departure gate can change even after you arrive. The safest approach is to check several sources and check again close to departure.

1. Check Your Airline App or Website

Your airline's app or website is usually the best place to start. Open your reservation or enter your flight number, departure airport and travel date. You will usually see your scheduled terminal, concourse, gate, boarding time, departure time and flight status. If possible, install your airline's app and enable flight notifications.

2. Check Your Boarding Pass

Your boarding pass may show your terminal and gate — for example: Terminal 2, Gate C18, Boarding 7:25 AM, Departure 8:05 AM. However, if you obtained your boarding pass many hours before departure, don't assume the gate printed on it is still correct. Airport gates frequently change.

3. Check the Airport's Website or App

Most major airports provide live departure and arrival information. Search using your airline + flight number (for example: UA 123, EK 230, SQ 12). Airport information can be especially useful for finding the correct terminal, security checkpoint and the location of your gate.

4. Look at Airport Flight Information Displays

Once you arrive at the airport, check the large Departures / Flight Information screens. Find your flight using

Question 10

How do I get compensation for a delayed or cancelled flight?

Accepted Answer

If your flight is delayed or cancelled, you may be entitled to a refund, reimbursement of expenses, rebooking, meals, hotel accommodation or monetary compensation. But these are different benefits, and your rights depend heavily on where your flight departed, where it was going, which airline operated the flight, how long you were delayed, why the disruption occurred, whether you accepted an alternative flight, and the passenger-protection laws covering your itinerary.

The first step is therefore to determine which country's passenger-rights rules apply to your flight.

Refund vs. Reimbursement vs. Compensation

- Refund: returns money you paid for transportation or another service you did not receive or chose not to accept when applicable.
- Reimbursement: repays eligible expenses you incurred because of the disruption, such as meals, hotel and ground transportation.
- Compensation: an additional payment you may be legally entitled to because of the inconvenience caused by a qualifying delay or cancellation.

Depending on the circumstances, you could qualify for one or more of these.

United States

U.S. rules are different from European and UK passenger-protection systems. If an airline cancels your flight, or significantly delays or changes it, and you choose not to travel or accept the alternative transportation, credit, voucher or other compensation, you may be entitled to an automatic refund (U.S. Department of Transportation). If you accept and travel on the significa

Question 11

How early should I arrive for my flight?

Accepted Answer

Arrive at least 2 hours before domestic flights and 3 hours before international flights. Boarding typically starts 30 to 45 minutes before departure, and gates close 15 minutes prior to takeoff.

To check real-time crowd levels and security checkpoint queues before you head out, you can consult the [MyTSA App](https://www.tsa.gov/travel/tsa-mobile-app).

Watch this brief overview on managing airport lines and crowd delays: [How Early Should You Get to the Airport Amid TSA Delays?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EcDh1DEvjOs&t=2)

Factors that require extra time

- Checking bags: add 30 to 45 minutes if you need to check luggage at the counter, keeping in mind that airlines enforce strict bag-cutoff times.
- Peak travel hours: give yourself an extra 30 to 60 minutes if flying during busy periods like Friday afternoons, Sunday mornings, or major holidays.
- Large airports: navigating massive hubs, remote parking shuttles, or unfamiliar terminals takes significantly more time.
- Special needs: traveling with small children or requiring wheelchair assistance means moving slower through the terminal.

When you can arrive later

- Carry-on only: skipping the check-in desk and using a mobile boarding pass saves substantial time.
- Expedited security: in the USA, having TSA PreCheck or CLEAR allows you to cut your arrival window closer to 60 or 90 minutes for domestic trips, provided parking and crowds are light.

Question 12

How long must my passport be valid for international travel?

Accepted Answer

The answer depends on your nationality, destination, transit countries, passport type, visa status and purpose of travel — not just one universal rule.

A common rule is: your passport should have at least 6 months of validity remaining after your planned return or departure from the destination. But this is a common requirement, not a universal one. Some countries require six months, some require three months beyond departure, and some only require the passport to be valid for the duration of the stay.

Quick Reference

- Many countries worldwide — 6 months remaining validity
- Schengen Area (non-EU travelers) — 3 months after intended departure
- Some countries — valid through the intended stay only
- Transit countries — may have their own requirement
- Visa applications — often have additional validity requirements
- Children's passports — rules may differ (and children's passports expire faster)
- Emergency/temporary travel documents — different rules may apply

Schengen Europe

For a non-EU national traveling to the EU/Schengen Area, the passport generally must:

1. Remain valid for at least 3 months after your intended departure from the Schengen Area, and
2. Have been issued within the previous 10 years.

Example: enter France September 1, 2026 and leave the Schengen Area September 15, 2026 — your passport generally needs to remain valid until at least December 15, 2026. This is why you shouldn't automatically apply the "six-month rule" to every destination.

U.S. Trav

Question 13

How much does checked baggage cost?

Accepted Answer

Checked baggage pricing depends on the airline, fare class, route region, and whether you pay online or at the airport — the same airline can charge $45 on a domestic route and include the bag free on an international one.

Typical U.S. domestic pricing (Economy)

- 1st checked bag: roughly $40-$50 (e.g. American $45 online / $50 airport; Southwest $45; United ~$40-50; Delta ~$45-50)
- 2nd checked bag: roughly $50-$60
- Paying online in advance is often cheaper than paying at the airport.

International and non-U.S. airlines

Most European, Middle Eastern and Asian carriers price checked bags by fare and route rather than one flat fee:

- Lufthansa explicitly determines allowance by fare AND route — Europe vs intercontinental rules differ (e.g. ~$90 for a second bag on a U.S.-Germany example).
- Emirates / Qatar / Singapore / Cathay: usually 23-30 kg or a piece concept included, depending on route and fare.
- Japan Airlines / ANA: two 23 kg bags are usually included even in Economy.
- Qantas usually includes checked baggage; low-cost and Basic fares often don't.

Watch out for Basic Economy

Charges can change dramatically by route and fare. For example, American's current international rules show $85 for a first bag on certain Basic Economy transatlantic itineraries, while Basic Economy to many Asian markets can include a free first checked bag. Never assume a domestic fee applies to an international itinerary.

Typical limits

- Weight: 23 kg / 50 lb per bag is the most com

Question 14

How much time do I need for a connecting flight?

Accepted Answer

The amount of time you need between connecting flights depends on the airport, whether the flights are domestic or international, terminal changes, immigration and customs requirements, baggage arrangements, and whether both flights are on the same ticket. A connection that is comfortable at a small airport could be nearly impossible at a large international hub.

As a practical starting point, consider allowing:

- Domestic → Domestic: 60–90 minutes
- Domestic → International: 90 minutes–2 hours
- International → Domestic: 2–3 hours
- International → International: 1½–3 hours
- Separate-ticket/self-transfer connection: 3–5 hours or more

These are planning guidelines, not guarantees. Some airports and itineraries require substantially more time.

What Is a Minimum Connection Time?

Airports and airlines use a Minimum Connection Time (MCT) when determining whether connecting flights can normally be booked together. The MCT varies by airport, airlines involved, domestic vs. international connection, terminals and immigration requirements. A connection meeting the official minimum may be technically valid but still stressful — if an airport permits a 45-minute connection, that does not mean you should deliberately choose one. When possible, give yourself additional time.

Domestic to Domestic

Where your baggage is checked through and you remain inside the secure area, 60–90 minutes is often comfortable. You may need more time if the airport is very large, you must change termi

Question 15

What are airport lounges and how can I get in?

Accepted Answer

Airport lounges are private waiting areas inside airports that offer travelers a more comfortable place to relax, work, eat or refresh themselves before a flight or during a connection.

Depending on the lounge, amenities may include comfortable seating, complimentary food and snacks, coffee, tea and soft drinks, alcoholic beverages, Wi-Fi, charging outlets, work areas, flight information, restrooms, showers, quiet or relaxation areas, children's or family areas, sleeping or nap areas and business facilities. Premium international lounges may also offer restaurant-style dining, bars, private rooms, spa services or other amenities.

Where Are Airport Lounges Located?

Most lounges are located after airport security, although some airports also have lounges in public areas before security. Large airports may have many lounges spread across different terminals, concourses, piers and international departure areas. Always check the location before visiting — a lounge in Terminal 1 may not be practical, or even accessible, if your flight departs from Terminal 4.

How Can I Get Into an Airport Lounge?

1. Fly Business or First Class — Many airlines provide lounge access to eligible international Business and First Class passengers. Access depends on the airline, route, cabin, airport, same-day itinerary and airline alliance rules. A premium ticket does not automatically provide lounge access in every situation, particularly on some domestic flights.

2. Airline Elite Status — Freque

Question 16

What are the rules for flying with pets?

Accepted Answer

Flying with a pet requires more planning than ordinary passenger travel — airline policies, aircraft restrictions, destination-country requirements, and your pet's type and size all matter. The first rule: never assume your pet can fly in the cabin just because another airline allows pets. Check the specific airline, flight, aircraft, route and destination before buying the ticket. The FAA lets each airline decide whether pets may travel in the cabin, and airlines can restrict species, number of animals, carrier, size and documentation.

1. Can My Pet Fly in the Cabin?

Some airlines permit certain small pets in the cabin — usually inside an airline-approved carrier that fits under the seat in front of you. The FAA requires the in-cabin carrier to fit under the seat without blocking the aisle, be properly stowed before leaving the gate, while taxiing, and during takeoff and landing, and be handled per flight-attendant instructions. Airlines may also require the pet to stay in the carrier for the entire flight. The carrier generally counts as your carry-on — check how it counts against your baggage allowance.

2. Which Pets Are Allowed?

There's no universal rule. One airline accepts small dogs and cats; another may not accept cabin pets at all. Airlines can restrict: pets per flight, pets per passenger, species, size, carrier dimensions, age, certain breeds, international routes and aircraft types. The FAA specifically recommends contacting the airline for its current pet pol

Question 17

What are typical carry-on size and weight limits and prohibited items?

Accepted Answer

Typical Carry-On Limits

A good general rule:

- Size: around 55 × 40 × 20–25 cm (22 × 16 × 8–10 in)
- Weight: commonly 7–10 kg (15–22 lb)
- Personal item: often around 40 × 30 × 15 cm

U.S. airlines tend to focus more on size than a published weight limit. European and Asian airlines more commonly publish weight restrictions — and are more likely to enforce them. Check your airline's exact allowance in our [Baggage Fees database](/baggage).

What Items Are Prohibited in Carry-On Luggage?

Carry-on baggage is subject to aviation-security restrictions. Some items are completely prohibited; others are permitted only in checked baggage or under specific conditions.

- Firearms (guns, pistols, rifles) — carry-on: no · checked: only under strict TSA/airline rules
- Explosives (fireworks, flares, blasting caps) — prohibited everywhere
- Flammable materials (gasoline, lighter fuel, camping fuel) — prohibited everywhere
- Compressed gases (propane, butane cylinders, fuel cartridges) — usually prohibited everywhere
- Hazardous chemicals (bleach, corrosives, strong solvents) — prohibited everywhere
- Knives & blades (large knives, box cutters, razor blades) — carry-on: no · checked: many permitted if properly packed
- Tools (axes, hatchets, drills, saws) — carry-on: generally no · checked: many allowed
- Blunt sporting equipment (baseball/cricket bats, golf clubs) — carry-on: no · checked: generally allowed
- Martial-arts equipment (batons, nunchaku, clubs) — carry-on: no · usually che

Question 18

What are typical carry-on size and weight limits and prohibited items?

Accepted Answer

Typical Carry-On Limits

A good general rule:

- Size: around 55 × 40 × 20–25 cm (22 × 16 × 8–10 in)
- Weight: commonly 7–10 kg (15–22 lb)
- Personal item: often around 40 × 30 × 15 cm

U.S. airlines tend to focus more on size than a published weight limit. European and Asian airlines more commonly publish weight restrictions — and are more likely to enforce them. Check your airline's exact allowance in our [Baggage Fees database](/baggage).

What Items Are Prohibited in Carry-On Luggage?

Carry-on baggage is subject to aviation-security restrictions. Some items are completely prohibited; others are permitted only in checked baggage or under specific conditions.

- Firearms (guns, pistols, rifles) — carry-on: no · checked: only under strict TSA/airline rules
- Explosives (fireworks, flares, blasting caps) — prohibited everywhere
- Flammable materials (gasoline, lighter fuel, camping fuel) — prohibited everywhere
- Compressed gases (propane, butane cylinders, fuel cartridges) — usually prohibited everywhere
- Hazardous chemicals (bleach, corrosives, strong solvents) — prohibited everywhere
- Knives & blades (large knives, box cutters, razor blades) — carry-on: no · checked: many permitted if properly packed
- Tools (axes, hatchets, drills, saws) — carry-on: generally no · checked: many allowed
- Blunt sporting equipment (baseball/cricket bats, golf clubs) — carry-on: no · checked: generally allowed
- Martial-arts equipment (batons, nunchaku, clubs) — carry-on: no · usually che

Question 19

What can I bring through airport security?

Accepted Answer

What you can take through airport security depends on the country, airport, airline, and whether an item is packed in your carry-on or checked baggage. Security rules can change, so always check the official rules for your departure airport before traveling.

Liquids, Gels and Aerosols

At U.S. airports, the standard TSA rule for carry-on baggage is the 3-1-1 liquids rule:

- Containers must generally be 3.4 ounces (100 mL) or smaller.
- Containers should fit inside one quart-size clear, resealable bag.
- Each passenger is generally allowed one liquids bag.

Liquids include more than drinks. Shampoo, toothpaste, creams, lotions, gels, liquid cosmetics, sauces, spreads and similar products may all be treated as liquids or gels. Larger containers can usually be packed in checked baggage, subject to airline and hazardous-material restrictions.

Exceptions

Certain necessary liquids may be permitted in quantities greater than 3.4 ounces/100 mL, including:

- Prescription and necessary medications
- Baby formula
- Breast milk
- Baby and toddler drinks or food
- Certain medically necessary liquids

Tell the security officer about these items when required. Additional screening may be necessary.

Food

Many solid foods can be carried through airport security, including sandwiches, bread, cakes and cookies, fruit, nuts, snacks and dry foods. Foods that are liquid, creamy, spreadable or gel-like may be subject to liquid restrictions.

Remember that being allowed through airport securi

Question 20

What do I do if my luggage is lost, delayed or damaged?

Accepted Answer

Baggage problems are stressful, but acting quickly and keeping good documentation significantly improves your chances of recovering your belongings or receiving reimbursement. For flights to, from or within the United States, the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) provides specific consumer protections; international journeys can also be governed by international conventions.

If Your Bag Doesn't Arrive

1. Don't leave the airport immediately. Go to the airline's baggage service office and have them create a mishandled baggage report. Get the report/reference number, the baggage department's phone number, email/online claim information, a copy of the report and delivery instructions. DOT specifically recommends reporting before leaving the airport.
2. Keep your baggage tag — plus your boarding pass, ticket/itinerary, baggage receipt and photos of the bag. The tag is important evidence for any claim.

If Your Luggage Is Delayed

A delayed bag is different from one declared permanently lost — airlines can often locate it and deliver it to your hotel or home. Ask: "Will you deliver my bag when it is located, and is delivery free?" Don't assume automatic delivery.

Keep receipts for essential purchases (clothing, toiletries, basic personal items). Reasonable expenses may be reimbursable — but don't go on a shopping spree. Buy what you reasonably need, not what you simply want.

Important U.S. Rule: Baggage-Fee Refunds

For flights covered by DOT rules, airlines must refund y

Question 21

What happens if I miss my flight?

Accepted Answer

If you miss a flight, contact the airline immediately. What happens next depends on why you missed the flight, your ticket rules, the airline's policies, whether you notified the airline before departure, and whether the missed flight was part of a connecting itinerary.

The most important rule is: don't simply walk away and book another flight without contacting your airline. Missing one segment can sometimes cause the airline to cancel the remaining flights on the same reservation.

1. Contact the Airline Immediately

As soon as you realize you may miss — or have already missed — your flight: go to the airline's customer-service desk or gate agent, open the airline's app or website, call or message the airline, and ask whether you can be rebooked on the next available flight. If you know before departure that you will be late, contact the airline before the flight leaves whenever possible. This can make an important difference.

2. If You Missed the Flight Because You Were Late

If you arrived late because of traffic, oversleeping, parking problems, a late train or bus, long check-in lines, or arriving after the airline's check-in or boarding cutoff, the airline generally does not have the same responsibility it would have if the airline caused the disruption. However, some airlines may try to accommodate you on a later flight, depending on ticket conditions, availability and airline policy. You may have to pay a fare difference or fees, purchase a new ticket, or wait for a

Question 22

What happens if my flight is delayed or cancelled?

Accepted Answer

Flight delays and cancellations are common and can happen because of weather, mechanical problems, crew availability, air-traffic restrictions, airport congestion, security issues or other operational problems.

If your flight is delayed or cancelled, don't just wait for an announcement. Check your airline app immediately and start looking at your options. Your rights and the airline's responsibilities depend on the country, airline, ticket, length of delay and reason for the disruption.

1. Check Your Flight Status Immediately

Use several sources: the airline app or website, airport departure screens, the airport website, and airline text/email/app notifications. Check your flight number, not only your destination. A delay can increase, decrease or disappear, and your gate may change.

2. If Your Flight Is Delayed

First determine: How long is the delay? Then ask: Why is the flight delayed? The reason can affect your options and eligibility for assistance or compensation. For a short delay, the airline may simply operate the flight later. For a substantial delay, you may have options such as rebooking, changing your itinerary or — in certain circumstances — declining the changed transportation and seeking a refund under applicable rules.

3. If Your Flight Is Cancelled

Check the airline app immediately. Many airlines automatically rebook passengers onto another flight — but don't assume the automatically selected flight is your best option. Look for earlier flights, differ

Question 23

What is CLEAR and is it worth it?

Accepted Answer

CLEAR+ is a paid membership service available at participating U.S. airports that uses identity-verification technology to help travelers move through the identity-check portion of airport security more quickly.

It is important to understand that CLEAR is not the same as TSA PreCheck. CLEAR helps verify who you are and can move you toward the physical security screening area; TSA still controls the security screening process.

How Does CLEAR Work?

At airports where CLEAR is available:

1. Go to the designated CLEAR lane.
2. Verify your identity using CLEAR's identity-verification system.
3. A CLEAR Ambassador assists you through the identity-check process.
4. You proceed to the appropriate TSA screening lane.
5. You still complete TSA security screening.

CLEAR may occasionally require additional identity verification, including presenting identification.

CLEAR vs. TSA PreCheck

The two services perform different functions.

CLEAR+
- Primarily speeds up identity verification.
- Uses dedicated CLEAR lanes at participating airports.
- Does not replace TSA security screening.
- Requires a separate paid membership.

TSA PreCheck
- Provides expedited TSA security screening for eligible travelers.
- Usually allows passengers to keep shoes, belts and light jackets on.
- Generally allows laptops and compliant liquids to remain inside carry-on baggage.
- Requires government approval and a Known Traveler Number.

For frequent travelers, CLEAR + TSA PreCheck can be a useful combinati

Question 24

What is DVT and how can I reduce the risk on a flight?

Accepted Answer

DVT (deep vein thrombosis) is a blood clot that forms in a deep vein, most commonly in the leg. Long periods of sitting — especially during travel lasting more than about four hours — can increase the risk because blood flow in the legs becomes sluggish. Most travelers have a low overall risk, but it's higher for people with certain medical or personal risk factors. A DVT can occasionally lead to pulmonary embolism (PE) if part of the clot travels to the lungs, which can be life-threatening.

Why Can Flying Increase the Risk?

The main issue isn't the airplane itself — it's remaining relatively immobile for a long period. On a long flight you may sit in the same position for hours, have limited legroom, sleep without moving your legs, avoid getting up from a window seat, and spend extra time sitting in airports before and after. Long-distance travel by car, bus or train creates a similar risk.

How Can I Reduce My Risk?

1. Get up and walk periodically. When it's safe, get out of your seat and walk the cabin. The CDC recommends occasional walking — and an aisle seat when possible so movement is easier. Don't wait until your legs feel uncomfortable.

2. Exercise your legs while seated — you don't need the seatbelt sign off:
   - Heel raises — lift your heels with toes on the floor, then lower
   - Toe raises — heels down, lift your toes
   - Ankle movements — flex and extend your ankles
   - Muscle contractions — tighten your calves and thighs for several seconds, then relax

Question 25

What is Global Entry?

Accepted Answer

Global Entry is a U.S. government Trusted Traveler Program operated by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). It provides expedited entry into the United States for pre-approved, low-risk travelers arriving from international trips.

For many international travelers, one of its biggest advantages is that eligible Global Entry members also receive TSA PreCheck® benefits for expedited security screening at participating U.S. airports.

What Does Global Entry Do?

When an approved Global Entry member returns to the United States from another country, the traveler can use the Global Entry process at participating airports instead of relying solely on the standard immigration-processing line. Depending on the airport and current CBP technology, identity verification may use facial comparison or other automated procedures.

You must still comply with all U.S. immigration, customs and agricultural requirements. Global Entry makes the process faster; it does not exempt you from inspection or declaration requirements.

What Are the Main Benefits?

- Expedited U.S. entry after international travel
- Access to Global Entry processing at participating airports
- Reduced time waiting in regular immigration lines in many situations
- TSA PreCheck eligibility for qualifying members
- A Known Traveler Number/PASSID that can be added to airline reservations

For someone who travels both domestically and internationally, Global Entry can be one of the most useful U.S. Trusted Traveler Progr

Question 26

What is REAL ID and do I need it to fly?

Accepted Answer

REAL ID is a U.S. federal security standard for state-issued driver's licenses and identification cards, created under the REAL ID Act of 2005 to establish minimum security standards for state-issued identification.

Do you need REAL ID to fly?

Yes — if you are 18 or older and flying within the United States using a state-issued driver's license or ID card. REAL ID enforcement began May 7, 2025. A standard state license that isn't REAL ID-compliant is no longer accepted by TSA as valid identification for domestic commercial air travel.

But you do not specifically need a REAL ID if you have another TSA-accepted form of identification, such as:

- A valid U.S. passport or U.S. passport card
- A REAL ID driver's license or identification card
- Certain Enhanced Driver's Licenses (EDL)
- A foreign passport
- Certain trusted-traveler cards such as Global Entry, NEXUS or SENTRI

How do I know if my license is REAL ID?

Look for the REAL ID marking on your state-issued license — in many states it appears as a star near the top of the card (the exact marking varies by state). If your license doesn't have the marking, check with your state's DMV rather than assuming it's compliant.

Domestic vs. International Flights

- Domestic flight (e.g. Portland → Chicago): you need a TSA-acceptable ID if you're 18 or older. A REAL ID license is one option — a passport is another.
- International flight (e.g. Portland → Frankfurt): REAL ID does not replace your passport. You'll need a passport

Question 27

What is TSA PreCheck and how do I get it?

Accepted Answer

TSA PreCheck® is an expedited airport security screening program operated by the U.S. Transportation Security Administration (TSA). It is designed to make security screening faster and more convenient for eligible travelers departing from participating U.S. airports.

What Are the Benefits of TSA PreCheck?

At participating airports and checkpoints, TSA PreCheck passengers generally use a dedicated TSA PreCheck security lane. During TSA PreCheck screening, travelers typically do not have to remove:

- Shoes
- Belts
- Light jackets
- Laptops from carry-on bags
- 3-1-1 compliant liquids from carry-on bags

This can make the security process considerably easier, particularly for frequent travelers, families and older travelers. TSA reports that most TSA PreCheck passengers wait less than 10 minutes, although actual waiting times vary by airport, day and time.

Who Can Apply?

TSA PreCheck is available to eligible U.S. citizens, U.S. nationals and lawful permanent residents. Applicants undergo an enrollment process and security threat assessment. Certain members of other U.S. government trusted-traveler programs may also receive TSA PreCheck benefits when eligible.

How Do I Apply for TSA PreCheck?

1. Apply online through an official TSA-authorized enrollment provider.
2. Provide the required personal and identification information.
3. Schedule an in-person enrollment appointment.
4. Bring the required identification and citizenship or immigration documents.
5. Complete identity

Question 28

What is basic economy and what are its restrictions?

Accepted Answer

Basic Economy is generally the airline's lowest-priced economy fare. It's designed for travelers who want the lowest possible base price and are willing to accept more restrictions and fewer included benefits. The exact rules vary significantly by airline and route — the U.S. Department of Transportation notes that discounted/basic fares generally have stricter rules on refundability, baggage and seat assignments.

What Can Be Restricted? (Basic vs. Regular Economy)

- Base fare — usually lowest vs. higher
- Seat selection — often restricted or paid vs. usually available
- Carry-on — airline-specific vs. usually included
- Checked bag — usually extra on both
- Changes — often restricted vs. often more flexible
- Cancellation — often non-refundable vs. more flexible depending on fare
- Family seating — may be more difficult vs. usually easier
- Upgrades & frequent-flyer benefits — may be restricted vs. better eligibility
- Boarding — often last group vs. may be earlier
- Food/drinks — usually the same economy service on both

These are general patterns, not universal rules — airlines are allowed to create different fare classes with different restrictions.

Seat Selection

One of the most common Basic Economy restrictions. You may be unable to choose a seat when booking, have to pay for advance selection, receive an assignment later (often a middle seat), and have less control over where you sit. This matters especially for families — DOT specifically notes Basic Economy fares

Question 29

What should I know when flying with kids?

Accepted Answer

Flying with children can be easy with some preparation, but families have extra considerations: tickets, identification, seating, baggage, car seats, strollers, food, medications, security screening and international documents. Rules differ considerably by airline, the child's age, destination, and domestic vs. international travel.

1. Does My Child Need an ID?

Domestic U.S. flights: TSA generally does not require children under 18 to show ID when traveling within the U.S. — but airlines can have their own requirements, especially for infants and unaccompanied minors. It's still wise to carry a birth certificate, passport if available, health/insurance info, the airline confirmation and emergency contacts.

International flights: Children generally need their own passport, and the destination may require a visa, electronic travel authorization, minimum passport validity, proof of onward travel or parental consent documentation. Don't assume a child's requirements are identical to an adult's just because the adult can enter visa-free.

2. Infants and Lap Travel

A child under two may sometimes travel as a lap infant, depending on airline and route. However, the FAA strongly encourages an approved child restraint system instead of holding an infant — the safest place for a young child is in an appropriate restraint secured to an aircraft seat. If you buy a seat for your infant, verify your car seat is approved for aircraft use.

3. Car Seats and Child Restraints

Not every ca

Question 30

What should I pack? The universal travel packing checklist

Accepted Answer

Try our [interactive Packing Checklist](/packing) — pick your trip type (international, family, pet, cruise, road trip and more), check items off as you pack, add your own, and save a running list for every trip.

Keep Your Most Important Documents ON YOUR PERSON

Don't put your passport, ID, cash, credit cards, essential medications or critical travel documents in your carry-on bag if you can keep them safely on your person. During an emergency evacuation you may be unable to retrieve a bag from the overhead bin or take it with you. Use a small secure travel pouch, neck wallet or discreet clothing pocket that stays snug against your body. Ask yourself: if I had to leave my carry-on behind, could I still prove who I am, access money, contact someone, and continue my journey?

1. Essential Documents & Money

Passport · visa/ETA/ESTA if required · driver's license/ID · boarding passes · hotel and rental confirmations · travel + health insurance info · emergency contacts · copies of documents (paper and secure digital) · credit/debit cards · small amount of local currency · emergency cash · pens (immigration/customs forms!) · small notebook. Keep all of this in your personal item — never checked luggage.

2. Health & Personal Protection

Face masks · hand sanitizer · disinfecting wipes · tissues · small first-aid kit (bandages, blister treatment, antiseptic wipes) · sunscreen · lip balm · skin lotion · insect repellent where appropriate. Compression socks/sleeves can help some t

Question 31

When is the best time to book cheap flights?

Accepted Answer

There is no guaranteed cheapest day or hour to buy an airline ticket — but large-scale booking data reveals useful patterns.

Current Booking Sweet Spots (U.S. departures)

Expedia's 2026 Air Hacks analysis of millions of bookings found these broad patterns:

- U.S. domestic economy — book 15–30 days before departure (but start monitoring earlier)
- International economy — book 31–45 days before departure (8–15 days can sometimes be cheaper, but risky)
- Major holidays — earlier is safer; don't rely on last-minute pricing
- Peak summer travel — earlier is generally safer; monitor fares continuously
- Business/First — highly route-dependent; start monitoring early

Domestic travelers saved an average of about $130 booking 15–30 days ahead versus booking six-plus months early. International bookings 31–45 days out averaged about $190 in savings; the 8–15-day window showed even larger average savings but carries much greater risk — seats and schedules may disappear.

Don't interpret this as "always wait." If you're traveling for Christmas/New Year, Thanksgiving, spring break, July 4, major festivals, peak summer, a wedding or other fixed event, or on a route with limited flights — the best fare may disappear long before the sweet-spot window.

Is Friday the Cheapest Day to Book?

Sometimes — but don't obsess over it. Expedia's 2026 analysis found Friday cheapest overall, while Saturday was cheapest for domestic bookings, with only about a 2% difference between the cheapest and m

Question 32

Where can I eat at the airport?

Accepted Answer

Most airports offer a wide range of places to eat, from coffee shops and grab-and-go counters to food courts, bars, local restaurants and full-service dining. Large international airports may have dozens or even hundreds of food and beverage options spread across different terminals and concourses.

The important question isn't simply "What restaurants are at this airport?" It is: "What food is available near my terminal and gate, is it open now, and do I have enough time to get there and return before boarding?"

What Types of Food Can I Find?

Depending on the airport, you may find coffee shops, bakeries, breakfast restaurants, fast food, sandwich shops, delis, pizza, burgers, salads, soups, Asian, Indian, Mexican and Mediterranean food, seafood, local and regional cuisine, vegetarian and vegan food, bars and pubs, full-service restaurants, grab-and-go markets, convenience stores and vending machines. Major airports increasingly feature popular local restaurants and regional specialties, allowing travelers to experience local food without leaving the airport.

Where Are Airport Restaurants Located?

Food outlets may be located either before security (landside) or after security (airside). Always check before walking to a restaurant — a restaurant in another terminal may be inaccessible without leaving the secure area and going through security again.

Find Food Near Your Gate

At a large airport, a highly rated restaurant may be 20–30 minutes away from your gate. Before cho

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